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Minna no Nihongo lesson 11: vocabulary & grammar
Vocabulary
58 words from lesson 11, with their reading in kana and rōmaji, and an example sentence under each.
| Japanese | Meaning | Listen |
|---|---|---|
| います（こどもが〜）imasu (kodomo ga ~) | To have children, family | |
| こどもが ふたりいます。Kodomo ga futari imasu.I have two children. | ||
| います（にほんに〜）imasu (nihon ni ~) | to be, to stay (in Japan) | |
| いもうとは にほんに います。Imouto wa nihon ni imasu.My younger sister stays in Japan. | ||
| かかりますkakarimasu | to take, cost (referring to time or money) | |
| えきまでじゅっぷんかかります。Eki made juppun kakarimasu.It takes ten minutes to the station. | ||
| やすみます（かいしゃを）休みます（会社を）yasumimasu (kaisha o) | to take a day off (from work) | |
| あした、かいしゃを やすみます。Ashita, kaisha wo yasumimasu.Tomorrow I am taking the day off work. | ||
| ひとつ一つhitotsu | One (counter for objects) | |
| りんごをひとつください。Ringo wo hitotsu kudasai.Give me one apple, please. | ||
| ふたつ二つfutatsu | Two (counter for objects) | |
| コーヒーをふたつください。Koohii wo futatsu kudasai.Give me two coffees, please. | ||
| みっつ三つmittsu | Three (counter for objects) | |
| たまごをみっつかいました。Tamago wo mittsu kaimashita.I bought three eggs. | ||
| よっつyottsu | Four (counter for objects) | |
| よっつください。Yottsu kudasai.Give me four, please. | ||
| いつつitsutsu | Five (counter for objects) | |
| みかんをいつつかいました。Mikan wo itsutsu kaimashita.I bought five tangerines. | ||
| むっつmuttsu | Six (counter for objects) | |
| みかんをむっつかいました。Mikan wo muttsu kaimashita.I bought six mandarins. | ||
| ななつnanatsu | Seven (counter for objects) | |
| みかんをななつください。Mikan wo nanatsu kudasai.Seven mandarins, please. | ||
| やっつyattsu | Eight (counter for objects) | |
| やっつください。Yattsu kudasai.Give me eight, please. | ||
| ここのつkokonotsu | Nine (counter for objects) | |
| ここのつありました。Kokonotsu arimashita.There were nine. | ||
| とお十too | Ten (counter for objects) | |
| とおください。Too kudasai.Give me ten, please. | ||
| いくつikutsu | How many (things) | |
| りんごはいくつありますか。Ringo wa ikutsu arimasu ka.How many apples are there? | ||
| ひとり一人hitori | one person | |
| このへやにひとりいます。Kono heya ni hitori imasu.There is a person in this room. | ||
| ふたり二人futari | two people | |
| ふたりでいきます。Futari de ikimasu.The two of us will go. | ||
| にん~nin | ~ people (counter) | |
| きょうしつに がくせいが さんにんいます。Kyoushitsu ni gakusei ga sannin imasu.There are students in the classroom: three people. | ||
| だいdai | counter for machines and vehicles; ~ unit | |
| パソコンをいちだいかいました。Pasokon wo ichidai kaimashita.I bought one unit of computer (one machine). | ||
| まいmai | ~ sheets (flat things counter) | |
| かみをいちまいください。Kami wo ichimai kudasai.Give me a sheet of paper, please. | ||
| かい回~kai | ~ times (counter) | |
| このえいがをにかいみました。Kono eiga wo ni kai mimashita.I watched this movie two times. | ||
| りんごringo | apple | |
| りんごをひとつください。Ringo wo hitotsu kudasai.Give me an apple, please. | ||
| みかんmikan | mandarin orange | |
| みかんはいくつありますか。Mikan wa ikutsu arimasu ka.How many mandarin oranges are there? | ||
| サンドイッチsandoicchi | sandwich | |
| ひるごはんにサンドイッチをたべました。Hirugohan ni sandoitchi wo tabemashita.I had a sandwich for lunch. | ||
| カレーライスkareeraisu | Curry (rice) | |
| ひるごはんに カレーライスを たべます。Hirugohan ni kareeraisu wo tabemasu.For lunch I eat curry and rice. | ||
| アイスクリームaisukuriimu | ice cream | |
| なつにアイスクリームをたべます。Natsu ni aisukuriimu wo tabemasu.In summer I eat ice cream. | ||
| きって切手kitte | postage stamp | |
| きってをかいました。Kitte wo kaimashita.I bought stamps. | ||
| はがき葉書hagaki | postcard | |
| はがきをおくりました。Hagaki wo okurimashita.I sent a postcard. | ||
| ふうとう封筒fuutou | envelope (≠ について about, concerning, from L21) | |
| ふうとうを さんまいかいます。Fuutou wo sanmai kaimasu.I am buying three envelopes. | ||
| りょうしん両親ryoushin | parents | |
| りょうしんは おおさかに います。Ryoushin wa oosaka ni imasu.My parents are in Osaka. | ||
| きょうだい兄弟kyoudai | brothers and sisters, siblings | |
| きょうだいが ふたりいます。Kyoudai ga futari imasu.I have two siblings. | ||
| あに兄ani | My older brother | |
| あにはとうきょうにいます。Ani wa Toukyou ni imasu.My older brother is in Tokyo. | ||
| おにいさんお兄さんoniisan | Your/someone's older brother | |
| おにいさんはなんさいですか。Oniisan wa nansai desu ka.How old is your older brother? | ||
| あね姉ane | My older sister | |
| あねがふたりいます。Ane ga futari imasu.I have two older sisters. | ||
| おねえさんお姉さんoneesan | Your/someone's older sister | |
| おねえさんはきれいですね。Oneesan wa kirei desu ne.Your older sister is pretty, right? | ||
| おとうと弟otouto | My younger brother | |
| おとうとはちゅうがくせいです。Otouto wa chuugakusei desu.My younger brother is a junior-high student. | ||
| おとうとさんotoutosan | Your/someone's younger brother | |
| おとうとさんは がくせいですか。Otouto san wa gakusei desu ka.Is your younger brother a student? | ||
| いもうと妹imouto | My younger sister | |
| いもうとがひとりいます。Imouto ga hitori imasu.I have one younger sister. | ||
| いもうとさんimoutosan | Your/someone's younger sister | |
| いもうとさんは なんさいですか。Imouto san wa nansai desu ka.How old is your younger sister? | ||
| がいこく外国gaikoku | foreign country | |
| あには がいこくに います。Ani wa gaikoku ni imasu.My older brother is in a foreign country. | ||
| りゅうがくせい留学生ryuugakusei | foreign student | |
| クラスに りゅうがくせいが ごにんいます。Kurasu ni ryuugakusei ga gonin imasu.There are five international students in the class. | ||
| クラスkurasu | class | |
| クラスに がくせいが にじゅうにんいます。Kurasu ni gakusei ga nijuunin imasu.There are twenty students in the class. | ||
| じかん〜時間~jikan | ~ hours (duration) | |
| まいにちはちじかんはたらきます。Mainichi, hachijikan hatarakimasu.I work eight hours every day. | ||
| しゅう~shuu | ~ weeks (counter) | |
| いっしゅうかん、かいしゃを やすみました。Isshuukan, kaisha wo yasumimashita.I took a week off work. | ||
| かげつkagetsu | ~ months (counter) | |
| さんかげつにほんごを べんきょうしました。San kagetsu nihongo wo benkyou shimashita.I studied Japanese for three months. | ||
| ねん~nen | ~ years, duration | |
| さんねんにほんごを べんきょうしました。San nen nihongo wo benkyou shimashita.I studied Japanese for three years. | ||
| ぐらいgurai | Approximately, about | |
| いちじかんぐらいかかります。Ichi jikan gurai kakarimasu.It takes about an hour. | ||
| どのくらいdono kurai | how long | |
| えきまでどのくらいかかりますか。Eki made donokurai kakarimasu ka.How long does it take to the station? | ||
| ぜんぶで全部でzenbu de | in total | |
| ぜんぶで いくらですか。Zenbu de ikura desu ka.How much is it in total? | ||
| みんなminna | all, everything, everyone | |
| クラスの みんなは しんせつです。Kurasu no minna wa shinsetsu desu.Everyone in the class is kind. | ||
| だけdake | Only, just | |
| ひらがなだけわかります。Hiragana dake wakarimasu.I only understand hiragana. | ||
| かしこまりましたkashikomarimashita | Certainly, sir (madam) | |
| コーヒーをください。かしこまりました。Koohii wo kudasai. kashikomarimashita.A coffee, please. — Certainly, sir. | ||
| いいてんきですねii tenki desu ne | Nice weather, isn't it? | |
| いいてんきですね。そうですね。Ii tenki desu ne. sou desu ne.Nice weather, isn't it? — It is. | ||
| おでかけですかお出かけですかodekake desu ka | Are you going out? | |
| おでかけですか。ええ、ちょっとスーパーまで。Odekake desu ka. ee, chotto suupaa made.Going out? — Yes, just to the supermarket. | ||
| ちょっとまでchotto ~ made | Just going to ~ (nearby) | |
| おでかけですか。ちょっとぎんこうまで。Odekake desu ka. chotto ginkou made.Going out? — Just to the bank. | ||
| いってらっしゃいitterasshai | Take care, to someone leaving | |
| いってらっしゃい。Itterasshai.Take care. (to someone leaving) | ||
| いってきますittekimasu | I'm off, said when leaving | |
| いってきます！Ittekimasu.I'm off! / See you later! | ||
| しゅうかん~shuukan | ~ week(s) (duration counter) | |
| にしゅうかんやすみます。Ni shuukan yasumimasu.I take two weeks off. | ||
Grammar
The patterns of lesson 11 and their examples, as the app explains them.
Counters + Duration
- ひとつ ふたつ みっつ よっつ…Things
- ひとり ふたり ～にんPeople
- ～だいMachines
- ～まいFlat things
- ～かいTimes
- ～じかん ／ ～にち ／ ～かげつ ／ ～ねんDuration
- ～ぐらい ／ どのくらいApproximate
Examples
- ソファが ３つ あります。sofa ga mittsu arimasu.There are three sofas.
- ４かげつ べんきょうしました。yon-kagetsu benkyou shimashita.I studied for 4 months.
- どのくらい かかりますか。→ ３じかん かかります。dono kurai kakarimasu ka. → san-jikan kakarimasu.How long does it take? → It takes 3 hours.
Practise this lesson in the app: you type the answers and it checks them right away.