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Minna no Nihongo lesson 20: vocabulary & grammar
Vocabulary
22 words from lesson 20, with their reading in kana and rōmaji, and an example sentence under each.
| Japanese | Meaning | Listen |
|---|---|---|
| いりますirimasu | To need, be necessary | |
| おかねがいります。Okane ga irimasu.You need money. | ||
| しらべます調べますshirabemasu | To check, to look up | |
| じしょでしらべます。Jisho de shirabemasu.I look it up in the dictionary. | ||
| しゅうりします修理しますshuuri shimasu | to repair machines/appliances | |
| くるまをしゅうりします。Kuruma wo shuuri shimasu.I repair the car. | ||
| ぼくboku | I, casual masculine | |
| ぼくはがくせいです。Boku wa gakusei desu.I am a student. | ||
| きみkimi | You, casual | |
| きみも いく？Kimi mo iku?Are you going too? | ||
| くん~kun | Mr. (an informal equivalent of 〜さん used to address people of equal or lower status; also often appended to boys' names) | |
| たろうくんは げんき？Tarou kun wa genki?How is young Taro doing? | ||
| うんun | Yes, casual | |
| あしたいく？うん、いくよ。Ashita iku? un, iku yo.Going tomorrow? — Yeah, I'm going. | ||
| ううんuun | No, casual | |
| もうたべた？ううん、まだ。Mou tabeta? uun, mada.Have you eaten? — Nope, not yet. | ||
| ことば言葉kotoba | word, language | |
| にほんごのことばをおぼえます。Nihongo no kotoba wo oboemasu.I learn words in Japanese. | ||
| きもの着物kimono | kimono (traditional Japanese attire) | |
| おしょうがつにきものをきます。Oshougatsu ni kimono wo kimasu.On New Year's I wear the kimono. | ||
| ビザbiza | visa | |
| ビザをとります。Biza wo torimasu.I get the visa. | ||
| はじめ初めhajime | the beginning | |
| はじめのうちはむずかしかったです。Hajime no uchi wa muzukashikatta desu.In the beginning it was difficult. | ||
| おわりowari | the end of ~, The End | |
| しごとがおわりました。Shigoto ga owarimashita.The work has come to an end. | ||
| こっちkocchi | Over here, casual | |
| こっちへ きて。Kocchi e kite.Come over here. | ||
| そっちsocchi | Over there, near you, casual | |
| そっちは あつい？Socchi wa atsui?Is it hot over there? | ||
| あっちacchi | Over there, casual | |
| トイレはあっちだよ。Toire wa acchi da yo.The bathroom is over there. | ||
| どっちdocchi | Which of the two, casual | |
| コーヒーと こうちゃ、どっちが いい？Koohii to koucha, docchi ga ii?Coffee or tea — which do you want? | ||
| みんなでminna de | All together, everyone | |
| にちようびに みんなで うみへ いきました。Nichiyoubi ni minna de umi e ikimashita.On Sunday we all went to the sea together. | ||
| けどkedo | But, casual | |
| たかいけど、いいものです。Takai kedo ii mono desu.It's expensive, but it's good. | ||
| おなかがいっぱいですonaka ga ippai desu | Full (stomach), can't eat more | |
| たくさんたべました。おなかが いっぱいです。Takusan tabemashita. onaka ga ippai desu.I ate a lot. I'm full. | ||
| よかったらyokattara | if you like | |
| よかったら、いっしょに たべない？Yokattara, issho ni tabenai?If you like, want to eat together? | ||
| いろいろiroiro | Various, all sorts (without な; = the same word, which goes before a noun in L10) | |
| いろいろなものをたべました。Iroiro na mono wo tabemashita.I ate various things. | ||
Grammar
The patterns of lesson 20 and their examples, as the app explains them.
Casual Speech
- V[dict] (たべる、いく…)Present positive
- V-ない (たべない、いかない…)Present negative
- V-た (たべた、いった…)Past positive
- V-なかった (たべなかった…)Past negative
- ～？ (without か)Informal question
- [い] (さむい、たかい…)i-adj informal
- [な] だ (しずかだ…)na-adj informal
Examples
- きょう くる？kyou kuru?Are you coming today?
- スーパーへ いかない。suupaa e ikanai.I am not going to the supermarket.
- きょうは さむい。kyou wa samui.It is cold today.
Practise this lesson in the app: you type the answers and it checks them right away.